Introduction: The purpose of this study was validation of the Addiction Susceptibility QUESTIONNAIRE (ASQ) by examining the factor structure and internal consistency with exploratory factor analysis in Iran adolescent's population.Method: Participants were 5884 high school adolescents. The participants were 14-20 years of age and were chosen using cluster random sampling method from 5 Cities in Iran (Uremia, Tehran, Ahwaz, Mashhad and Zanjan).Results: The results showed that 50 item of the QUESTIONNAIREs were loading in 10 factors of Inner Dissatisfaction, Risk behaviors, Non-reliability, Show off, Positive thoughts about substance, Dissatisfaction with family, Low Faith and Spirituality, Deviation from the norm, Self-centered, Risky relationships with friends With factor loadings between.30 and.80. The reliability of the QUESTIONNAIRE was estimated in range of.68 to.83.Conclusion: Factor structure and reliability of internal consistency of the Addiction Susceptibility QUESTIONNAIRE- adolescents Version (ASQ-AV) was suitable. The ASQ-AV to have highly reliable measure of addiction susceptibility by adolescents and it is appropriate for both female and male adolescents in clinical, educational and research settings.

The purpose of this study was development and validation of the Addiction Susceptibility QUESTIONNAIRE (ASQ) by examining the factor structure and internal consistency in collage student's sample. Participants were 304 single male and female college student. The participants were 19-26 years of age and were chosen using cluster random sampling method. The results showed the factor structure and reliability of internal consistency of the Addiction Susceptibility QUESTIONNAIRE Student Version (ASQ-SV) was suitable. The ASQ-SV to have highly reliable measure of addiction susceptibility by college student and it is appropriate for both female and male students in clinical, educational and research settings.

Background: To provide the validated and standardized form of the Persian version of the Ages and Stages QUESTIONNAIREs as an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of Iranian children's development.Methods: This was a cross- sectional study. Translation and back-translation, content validity determination, cultural and lingual modifications, pilot study on 100 parents and inter-rater reliability determinations were performed, respectively. The national and final stage was carried out 11000, 4-60 month- old children in selected cities throughout the country in order to determine the validity, standard deviation, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and mean scores points of the test.Results: The reliability, determined by cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.76 to 0.86 and the inter-rater reliability was 0.93. The validity determined by factor analysis was satisfactory. The mean scores of Iranian children were identified and compared with those of the normative sample as well as with three other populations of children. The developmental status of Iranian children was higher in the communication, problem-solving and personal-social domains, especially under the age of 24 months, after which their developmental status seems to deteriorate, especially in the motor domains.Conclusion: The Persian version of the ASQ has appropriate validity and reliability for screening developmental disorders in Iran.

Objectives Baby walker is a popular device, which parents use for entertainment, keeping infants safe and walking promotion. We aimed to determine whether baby walker usage has any effect on the development using Ages and Stages QUESTIONNAIRE (ASQ). Materials & Methods We evaluated 107 one-yr-old infants in each baby walker user group and non-users (214 participants) using ASQ test of 12-month in Isfahan health centers for vaccination in 2017. We re-evaluated 168 infants at the age of 18-month using ASQ test of 18-month. The data of these groups were compared. Results Girls use baby walker more frequently (P=0. 02). Baby walker usage was not significantly associated with parent’ s educational state, mother employment, birth rank of infant and delivery method. The starting age of baby walker use was 6. 61 ± 1. 46 months. ASQ results in area of gross movement and fine movement were not significantly different in users and non-users at age 12 and 18 months. Conclusion Most parents believe baby walker can promote earlier walking, but based on current evidence this belief might not be true. Although most studies showed no developmental delay in baby walker users, parents should become aware of their possible negative effects and hazards.

Background: Children with pollakiuria have extraordinary daytime urinary frequency, which means urination every 15 to 20 minutes per day, without nocturnal enuresis, urinary incontinence, dysuria, and UTIs. This can be associated with developmental disorders.Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of Pollakiuria on developmental disorders.Methods: A total of 224 individuals were included in this study. The age range was 5 to 7 years old and 70 patients with Pollakiuria were allocated to the case group and 154 healthy individuals were included in the control group. Height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured and were compatible with gender and age. The following information was also recorded, personal and social development, problem solving, fine motor, gross motor, communication, defining words, understanding of contradictory words, counting numbers, names of colors, copying forms of € and ,D and walking on toes, which were obtained by the ages and stages QUESTIONNAIREs (ASQ) and nelson development table.Results: From a total of 224 children, factor expressing growth and development condition in the case group was significantly less than the control group (P=0.001).Conclusions: Development indicators, according to ages and stages QUESTIONNAIREs, in healthy children had a better status compared to children with Pollakiuria.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life QUESTIONNAIRE is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor structure of purpose in life QUESTIONNAIRE. The QUESTIONNAIRE was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life QUESTIONNAIRE with a two factor pattern

Backgrounds & aim: Early diagnosis of developmental delays in children with high risk history of hospitalization in the intensive care unit is essential. Children with one or more risk factors before oraround birth are more at risk for developmental delay. The aim of this study was to determine the evolution and history of premature children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.Methods: the present descriptive study was conducted on 80 premature children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Imam Sajad (AS) hospital, Yasuj, Iran, with a history of developmental delay at the ages of 4, 6.12 months using the ASQ QUESTIONNAIRE. The QUESTIONNAIRE contains 30 questions including five fields such as communication, gross motor, fine motor, socialpersonal, problem solving. Along with QUESTIONNAIRE, other essential information were completed. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results: among 80 patients, 43 cases (53.8 %) were male, with an average weight of 1734.37+445.50 gr. Regarding communication, gross motor, fine motor, social-personal, problem solving, the results were abnormal at the rate of 10, 30, 27.5, 23.8 and 23.8% respectively. There was no significant relationship found among different fields of development, birth weight, gestational age and Apgar score a significant relationship was found. A significant relationship between infants born through normal delivery and infants born via Caesarean section was realized (p<0.05).Conclusion: Despite the natural evolution, the majority of premature children with a history of NICU admission, a significant number have developmental disorder and need to consider early to avoid complications in the future.

Background: Evaluation of growth and development is necessary for having a healthy childhood and rapid and timely identification of at-risk children in order to prevent the adverse effects of developmental disorders, since growth and development may differ in semester and preterm children under the influence of environmental and social conditions, this study aimed to compare the growth and development of children in the first year of life. Materials and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 252 twenty-month-old infants were evaluated. The exposure group consisted of 125 twenty-month-old infants who were born as late preterm (33-37 weeks) and 127 term infants were their cohort. The main outcome was weight, height, and 2-month-old at intervals. The second outcome was evolutionary status at 12 months of age based on ASQ QUESTIONNAIRE. Results: The mean age of mothers in the term group was 5. 62 ±,32. 02 years and in the exposure group was 5. 61 ±,31. 68 years. Weight and height increased with age in both groups, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0. 01) in each age stage. Developmentally, both groups did not show a significant difference at 12-month. Conclusion: The physical growth of newborns can continue under the influence of prematurity until one year of age, but they did not show any difference in developmental between term and preterm infants except in the field of fine movements.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With the advancement of medical care procedures, survival rate of preterm neonates has increased remarkably. In Iran, few studies have assessed the extent and severity of developmental disorders in these infants. This study aimed to evaluate developmental disorders in premature neonates.METHODS: This cohort study was conducted on 270 premature infants born in Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran with mean birth weight of 1460±40 grams. Data on pregnancy, parturition and complications during hospitalization were recorded. Moreover, preterm neonates were evaluated in terms of developmental delay at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age based on the Ages and Stages QUESTIONNAIRE (ASQ).FINDINGS: In this study, symptoms of developmental delay were observed in 152 neonates (56%) at six months, 115 neonates (42.7%) at 12 months, 101 infants (37.5%) at 18 months, and 49 neonates (18%) at 24 months. In addition, abnormal development was detected in different areas, including communication (n=21, 7.8%), major movements (n=53, 19.6%), minor movements (n=74, 27.5%), social interactions (n=89, 33%), and problem solving (n=153, 57%). After a two-year follow-up, 27 infants (60%) had asphyxia, 29 (28%) had respiratory distress syndrome, and 20 infants (15%) had developmental disorders.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, about one-sixth of preterm neonates had developmental delay at two years of age. The highest rate of developmental disorders was observed in the area of problem solving, which should be taken into account in neonatal rehabilitation services. On the other hand, appropriate monitoring of neonatal asphyxia and jaundice is likely to reduce the risk of other complications during infancy.